====== Servidor web/dades ====== ===== Actualització a Debian 10.12 "buster" - Part 4 - Agost de 2022 ===== Completar la descripció de les tasques realitzades. Debian 10.12 es va publicar el 26 de març de 2022. Debian 10.0 es va publicar inicialment el 6 de juliol de 2019. Aquesta pàgina conté la quarta part de la descripció detallada del procés d'actualització a Debian 10.12 "buster". ==== Instal·lació de ntop-ng ==== Instal·lo ''ntop-ng'' en substitució de ''ntop'' que no para de donar missatges d'error. # more /var/log/apt/history.log ... Start-Date: 2022-08-09 11:10:03 Commandline: /usr/sbin/synaptic Requested-By: sermnadmin (1000) Install: node-html5shiv:amd64 (3.7.3+dfsg-2, automatic), libjs-rickshaw:amd64 (1.5.1.dfsg-2, automatic), fonts-font-awesome:amd64 (5.0.10+really4.7.0~dfsg-1, automatic), libjs-jquery-tablesorter:amd64 (1:2.31.1+ dfsg1-1, automatic), lua-cjson:amd64 (2.1.0+dfsg-2.1, automatic), ntopng-doc:amd64 (3.8+dfsg1-2.1), fping:amd64 (4.2-1, automatic), fonts-glyphicons-halflings:amd64 (1.009~3.4.1+dfsg-1, automatic), fonts-roboto- slab:amd64 (1.100263+20170512-1, automatic), libjs-d3:amd64 (3.5.17-2, automatic), sphinx-rtd-theme-common:amd64 (0.4.3+dfsg-1, automatic), redis-tools:amd64 (5:5.0.14-1+deb10u2, automatic), librrd8:amd64 (1.7.1 -2, automatic), sntop:amd64 (1.4.3-4+b2), liblua5.1-0:amd64 (5.1.5-8.1+b2, automatic), libjs-bootstrap:amd64 (3.4.1+dfsg-1, automatic), libjemalloc2:amd64 (5.1.0-3, automatic), fonts-lato:amd64 (2.0-2, automatic ), ntopng:amd64 (3.8+dfsg1-2.1), libmaxminddb0:amd64 (1.3.2-1+deb10u1, automatic), libndpi2.6:amd64 (2.6-3, automatic), libwireshark-data:amd64 (2.6.20-0+deb10u3, automatic), libjs-modernizr:amd64 (2.6.2+ds1-3, automatic), libjs-jquery-metadata:amd64 (12-1.1, automatic), redis-server:amd64 (5:5.0.14-1+deb10u2, automatic), ntopng-data:amd64 (3.8+dfsg1-2.1, automatic), libjs-jquery-form:amd64 (12-1.1, automatic) Purge: ntop:amd64 (3:5.0.1+dfsg1-2.1), ntop-data:amd64 (3:5.0.1+dfsg1-2.1) End-Date: 2022-08-09 11:11:08 L'aplicació és accessible a través de [[http://localhost:3000]] :warn: **només des del servidor.** ==== Instal·lació de l'escriptori Mate ==== Instal·lo l'escriptori "Mate" perquè és més //lleuger// que Gnome i consumeix menys recursos: # more /var/log/apt/history.log ... Start-Date: 2022-08-09 13:45:57 Commandline: apt install mate-desktop-environment Requested-By: sermnadmin (1000) Install: mate-settings-daemon:amd64 (1.20.4-1, automatic), mate-utils-common:amd64 (1.20.2-3, automatic), libffmpegthumbnailer4v5:amd64 (2.1.1-0.2+b1, automatic), gtk2-engines:amd64 (1:2.20.2-5, automatic), ffmp egthumbnailer:amd64 (2.1.1-0.2+b1, automatic), mate-polkit-common:amd64 (1.20.2-1, automatic), pluma-common:amd64 (1.20.4-1, automatic), gvfs-backends:amd64 (1.38.1-5, automatic), libmtp9:amd64 (1.1.16-2, automa tic), mate-utils:amd64 (1.20.2-3, automatic), mate-desktop-environment:amd64 (1.20.0+5), libmate-slab0:amd64 (1.20.4-2, automatic), debian-mate-default-settings:amd64 (1.20.2-1, automatic), gir1.2-pluma-1.0:amd6 4 (1.20.4-1, automatic), caja-common:amd64 (1.20.3-1, automatic), mate-system-monitor:amd64 (1.20.2-1, automatic), atril:amd64 (1.20.3-1+deb10u1, automatic), engrampa-common:amd64 (1.20.2-1, automatic), libmarco -private1:amd64 (1.20.3-1, automatic), python-mate-menu:amd64 (1.20.2-1, automatic), mate-applet-brisk-menu:amd64 (0.5.0-9, automatic), libxpresent1:amd64 (1.0.0-2+b10, automatic), libmate-desktop-2-17:amd64 (1. 20.4-2, automatic), libjs-mathjax:amd64 (2.7.4+dfsg-1, automatic), mate-system-monitor-common:amd64 (1.20.2-1, automatic), mate-session-manager:amd64 (1.20.2-1, automatic), eom:amd64 (1.20.2-2, automatic), mate- panel:amd64 (1.20.5-1, automatic), libiw30:amd64 (30~pre9-13, automatic), mate-desktop-common:amd64 (1.20.4-2, automatic), libcdio-cdda2:amd64 (10.2+0.94+2-4, automatic), fonts-mathjax:amd64 (2.7.4+dfsg-1, autom atic), mate-polkit:amd64 (1.20.2-1, automatic), librda0:amd64 (0.0.5-1, automatic), libmatekbd-common:amd64 (1.20.2-1, automatic), mate-control-center:amd64 (1.20.4-2, automatic), librda-common:amd64 (0.0.5-1, a utomatic), mate-media-common:amd64 (1.20.2-1, automatic), mate-icon-theme-faenza:amd64 (1.20.0+dfsg1-2, automatic), mate-power-manager-common:amd64 (1.20.3-2, automatic), menu-xdg:amd64 (0.6, automatic), mate-ap plets-common:amd64 (1.20.3-2, automatic), marco:amd64 (1.20.3-1, automatic), gtk2-engines-murrine:amd64 (0.98.2-2+deb10u1, automatic), mate-screensaver-common:amd64 (1.20.3-3, automatic), mate-desktop-environmen t-core:amd64 (1.20.0+5, automatic), mate-media:amd64 (1.20.2-1, automatic), caja:amd64 (1.20.3-1+b1, automatic), mate-settings-daemon-common:amd64 (1.20.4-1, automatic), libcdio-paranoia2:amd64 (10.2+0.94+2-4, a utomatic), mate-power-manager:amd64 (1.20.3-2, automatic), libmtp-runtime:amd64 (1.1.16-2, automatic), mate-icon-theme:amd64 (1.20.3-1, automatic), mate-desktop:amd64 (1.20.4-2, automatic), libmatemixer0:amd64 ( 1.20.1-1, automatic), mate-terminal:amd64 (1.20.2-2, automatic), libmate-menu2:amd64 (1.20.2-1, automatic), gtk2-engines-pixbuf:amd64 (2.24.32-3, automatic), eom-common:amd64 (1.20.2-2, automatic), mate-notifica tion-daemon:amd64 (1.20.2-1, automatic), libmateweather-common:amd64 (1.20.2-1+deb10u1, automatic), mate-themes:amd64 (3.22.18-1, automatic), atril-common:amd64 (1.20.3-1+deb10u1, automatic), libmateweather1:amd 64 (1.20.2-1+deb10u1, automatic), mate-menus:amd64 (1.20.2-1, automatic), libmate-panel-applet-4-1:amd64 (1.20.5-1, automatic), mate-user-guide:amd64 (1.20.2-1, automatic), libnfs12:amd64 (3.0.0-2, automatic), l ibmatekbd4:amd64 (1.20.2-1, automatic), libatrilview3:amd64 (1.20.3-1+deb10u1, automatic), libpeas-1.0-python2loader:amd64 (1.22.0-4, automatic), mate-terminal-common:amd64 (1.20.2-2, automatic), pluma:amd64 (1. 20.4-1, automatic), engrampa:amd64 (1.20.2-1, automatic), libmate-window-settings1:amd64 (1.20.4-2, automatic), libmatemixer-common:amd64 (1.20.1-1, automatic), mate-panel-common:amd64 (1.20.5-1, automatic), lib atrildocument3:amd64 (1.20.3-1+deb10u1, automatic), mate-notification-daemon-common:amd64 (1.20.2-1, automatic), mate-screensaver:amd64 (1.20.3-3, automatic), libcpufreq0:amd64 (008-1.1, automatic), libmtp-commo n:amd64 (1.1.16-2, automatic), mate-backgrounds:amd64 (1.20.0-2, automatic), mate-calc:amd64 (1.20.3-1, automatic), libcaja-extension1:amd64 (1.20.3-1+b1, automatic), mate-control-center-common:amd64 (1.20.4-2, automatic), marco-common:amd64 (1.20.3-1, automatic), mate-calc-common:amd64 (1.20.3-1, automatic), libmatedict6:amd64 (1.20.2-3, automatic), mate-applets:amd64 (1.20.3-2, automatic) End-Date: 2022-08-09 13:48:24 i canvio la selecció de l'escriptori amb la comand ''# update-alternatives --config x-session-manager''. Llavors, tanco la sessió actual i reinicio el servidor per aplicar els canvis. ==== Desinstal·lació de l'escriptori Gnome ==== Desinstal·lo l'escriptori "Gnome" perquè consumeix molts recursos, fins i tot en la seva configuració clàssica: # more /var/log/apt/history.log ... Start-Date: 2022-08-09 14:14:22 Commandline: /usr/sbin/synaptic Requested-By: sermnadmin (1000) Purge: gnome-color-manager:amd64 (3.30.0-2), gnome-flashback-common:amd64 (3.30.0-3), gnome-control-center-data:amd64 (1:3.30.3-2~deb10u1), gnome-power-manager:amd64 (3.30.0-2), gnome-contacts:amd64 (3.30.2-1), gnome-session:amd64 (3.30.1-2), gnome-applets-data:amd64 (3.30.0-3), libgnome2-bin:amd64 (2.32.1-5+b1), gnome-control-center:amd64 (1:3.30.3-2~deb10u1), gnome-chess:amd64 (1:3.30.1-1), gnome-dictionary:amd64 (3. 26.1-5), chrome-gnome-shell:amd64 (10.1-5), gnome-mime-data:amd64 (2.18.0-2), gnome-games:amd64 (1:3.30+1), gnome-klotski:amd64 (1:3.22.3-3), gnome-icon-theme:amd64 (3.12.0-3), gnome-packagekit:amd64 (3.30.0-1), gnome-orca:amd64 (3.30.1-1), gnome-mahjongg:amd64 (1:3.22.0-4), gnome-screenshot:amd64 (3.30.0-2), gnome-packagekit-data:amd64 (3.30.0-1), gnome-panel-data:amd64 (3.30.0-2), gnome-online-miners:amd64 (3.30.0-2) , gdebi:amd64 (0.9.5.7+nmu3), gnome-disk-utility:amd64 (3.30.2-3), gnome-font-viewer:amd64 (3.30.0-2), gnome-calculator:amd64 (3.30.1-2), alacarte:amd64 (3.11.91-4), libgnome2-0:amd64 (2.32.1-5+b1), gnome-panel: amd64 (3.30.0-2), gnome-icon-theme-extras:amd64 (3.12.0-1), libgnome-2-0:amd64 (2.32.1-5+b1), gnome-online-accounts:amd64 (3.30.1-2), gnome-nettool:amd64 (3.8.1-3), gnome-screensaver:amd64 (3.6.1-10), gnome-appl ets:amd64 (3.30.0-3), gnome-nibbles:amd64 (1:3.24.1-2), libgnomevfs2-common:amd64 (1:2.24.4-6.1), gnome-flashback:amd64 (3.30.0-3), gnome-mines:amd64 (1:3.30.1.1-2), libgnomevfs2-0:amd64 (1:2.24.4-6.1+b2), gnome -documents:amd64 (3.31.92-1), gnome-session-flashback:amd64 (3.30.0-3), gnome-robots:amd64 (1:3.22.3-3), libgnomevfs2-extra:amd64 (1:2.24.4-6.1+b2), gnome-menus:amd64 (3.31.4-3) End-Date: 2022-08-09 14:15:08 Start-Date: 2022-08-09 14:24:57 Commandline: /usr/sbin/synaptic Requested-By: sermnadmin (1000) Remove: libfolks-eds25:amd64 (0.11.4-1+b2), seahorse:amd64 (3.30.1.1-1), cheese:amd64 (3.31.90-1), evolution-plugin-bogofilter:amd64 (3.30.5-1.1), nautilus:amd64 (3.30.5-2), evolution-plugin-pstimport:amd64 (3.3 0.5-1.1), evolution-plugins:amd64 (3.30.5-1.1), libevolution:amd64 (3.30.5-1.1), evolution:amd64 (3.30.5-1.1) Purge: gnome-system-monitor:amd64 (3.30.0-2), gnome-sudoku:amd64 (1:3.30.0-2), gnome-software:amd64 (3.30.6-5), gnome-sushi:amd64 (3.30.0-2), gnome-taquin:amd64 (3.30.0-2), gnome-system-log:amd64 (3.9.90-8), gno me-software-common:amd64 (3.30.6-5) End-Date: 2022-08-09 14:25:13 Start-Date: 2022-08-09 14:25:50 Commandline: /usr/sbin/synaptic Requested-By: sermnadmin (1000) Purge: gnome-tweak-tool:amd64 (3.30.2-1), gnome-tetravex:amd64 (1:3.22.0-3) End-Date: 2022-08-09 14:25:53 Start-Date: 2022-08-09 14:26:12 Commandline: /usr/sbin/synaptic Requested-By: sermnadmin (1000) Purge: gnome-video-effects:amd64 (0.4.3-3), gnome-tweaks:amd64 (3.30.2-1), gnome-user-share:amd64 (3.28.0-2) End-Date: 2022-08-09 14:26:15 ... ==== Desinstal·lació de programari sense ús ==== Desinstal·lo els programes que no tenen sentit i no es fan servir en un servidor: gimp, inkscape, libreoffice, etc. Després, des de ''synaptic'' desinstal·lo tots els paquets òrfens (la majoria són llibreries que ja no fa servir cap programa) i finalment executo ''apt autoremove'': # more /var/log/apt/history.log ... Start-Date: 2022-08-09 14:27:10 Commandline: /usr/sbin/synaptic Requested-By: sermnadmin (1000) Purge: libgoa-backend-1.0-1:amd64 (3.30.1-2), gir1.2-gdata-0.0:amd64 (0.17.9-3) ... End-Date: 2022-08-09 14:27:25 Start-Date: 2022-08-09 14:27:40 Commandline: /usr/sbin/synaptic Requested-By: sermnadmin (1000) Purge: libzapojit-0.0-0:amd64 (0.0.3-5), gir1.2-rest-0.7:amd64 (0.8.1-1), ... End-Date: 2022-08-09 14:27:48 Start-Date: 2022-08-09 14:28:49 Commandline: apt autoremove Requested-By: sermnadmin (1000) Remove: libmono-system-numerics4.0-cil:amd64 (5.18.0.240+dfsg-3), ... End-Date: 2022-08-09 14:30:47 ==== Actualitzacions automàtiques ==== Els paquets ''unattended-upgrades'' i ''apt-listchanges'' ja estan instal·lats però cal configurar-los i activar-los. Activo la descàrrega automàtica de paquets # dpkg-reconfigure -plow unattended-upgrades (respondre [YES]) Creating config file /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/20auto-upgrades with new version # cat 20auto-upgrades APT::Periodic::Update-Package-Lists "1"; APT::Periodic::Unattended-Upgrade "1"; Configuració d'''unattended-upgrades'': nano -c /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/50unattended-upgrades ⋮ // Send email to this address for problems or packages upgrades // If empty or unset then no email is sent, make sure that you // have a working mail setup on your system. A package that provides // 'mailx' must be installed. E.g. "user@example.com" Unattended-Upgrade::Mail "root"; ⋮ // Automatically reboot *WITHOUT CONFIRMATION* if // the file /var/run/reboot-required is found after the upgrade Unattended-Upgrade::Automatic-Reboot "false"; ⋮ // Enable logging to syslog. Default is False Unattended-Upgrade::SyslogEnable "true"; // Specify syslog facility. Default is daemon Unattended-Upgrade::SyslogFacility "daemon"; ⋮ Configuració d'''apt-listchanges'': # nano -c /etc/apt/listchanges.conf [apt] frontend=pager email_address=root confirm=0 save_seen=/var/lib/apt/listchanges.db which=news email_format=text headers=false reverse=false Activo el servei amb l'opció "download-only" que descarrega les actualitzacions però no les instal·la automàticament: # unattended-upgrades --help Usage: unattended-upgrades [options] Options: -h, --help show this help message and exit -d, --debug print debug messages --apt-debug make apt/libapt print verbose debug messages -v, --verbose print info messages --dry-run Simulation, download but do not install --download-only Only download, do not even try to install. --minimal-upgrade-steps Upgrade in minimal steps (and allow interrupting with SIGTERM) (default) --no-minimal-upgrade-steps Upgrade in minimal steps (and allow interrupting with SIGTERM root@sermnserver:/etc/apt/apt.conf.d# unattended-upgrades --download-only i faig un simulacre per confirmar que funciona, # unattended-upgrade --dry-run # grep unattended-upgrade daemon.log Aug 10 12:31:37 sermnserver unattended-upgrade: Enabled logging to syslog via daemon facility Aug 10 12:31:37 sermnserver unattended-upgrade: Initial blacklist : Aug 10 12:31:37 sermnserver unattended-upgrade: Initial whitelist: Aug 10 12:31:37 sermnserver unattended-upgrade: Starting unattended upgrades script Aug 10 12:31:37 sermnserver unattended-upgrade: Allowed origins are: origin=Debian,codename=buster,label=Debian, origin=Debian,codename=buster,label=Debian-Security Aug 10 12:31:39 sermnserver unattended-upgrade: No packages found that can be upgraded unattended and no pending auto-removals # cat unattended-upgrades.log 2022-08-10 12:31:37,271 INFO Enabled logging to syslog via daemon facility 2022-08-10 12:31:37,280 INFO Initial blacklist : 2022-08-10 12:31:37,281 INFO Initial whitelist: 2022-08-10 12:31:37,281 INFO Starting unattended upgrades script 2022-08-10 12:31:37,281 INFO Allowed origins are: origin=Debian,codename=buster,label=Debian, origin=Debian,codename=buster,label=Debian-Security 2022-08-10 12:31:39,064 INFO No packages found that can be upgraded unattended and no pending auto-removals === Referències === * [[https://wiki.debian.org/UnattendedUpgrades | Unattended Upgrades]] a Debian Wiki. * [[https://blog.confirm.ch/unattended-upgrades-in-debian/ | Unattended upgrades in Debian – confirm blog]] * [[https://serverfault.com/questions/1045725/can-ubuntu-unattended-upgrades-be-configured-to-download-only | linux - Can Ubuntu Unattended Upgrades be configured to download only? - Server Fault]] * [[https://superuser.com/questions/1487493/unattended-upgrades-download-upgradeable-packages-setting | linux - unattended-upgrades Download-Upgradeable-Packages setting - Super User]] ==== Reenviar el correu de root ==== Mentre no trobi una solució millor, el correu adreçat a ''root@localhost'' es reenviarà a ''sermnadmin@localhost'' i a ''miquel@sermn02.uab.cat'': # nano -c /etc/aliases mailer-daemon: postmaster postmaster: root ... security: root root: sermnadmin, miquel@sermn02.uab.cat ==== [AJORNADA] Actualització de dokuwiki a la versió 2022-07-31 "Igor" ==== Per ara no actualitzo la wiki a la nova versió ''2022-07-31 "Igor"'' ja que no funciona amb versions de PHP anteriors a 7.2 ([[https://www.dokuwiki.org/changes#release_2022-07-31_igor | veure Changelog]]). ==== [TODO] Instal·lació de timeshift ==== Cal instal·lar el paquet ''timeshift'':
Timeshift is a system restore utility which takes snapshots of the system at regular intervals. These snapshots can be restored at a later date to undo system changes. Creates incremental snapshots using rsync or BTRFS snapshots using BTRFS tools. apt show timeshift
=== Referències === * [[https://dev.to/rahedmir/how-to-use-timeshift-from-command-line-in-linux-1l9b | How to Use Timeshift from Command Line in Linux - DEV Community]] * [[https://linuxhint.com/timeshift-backup-tutorial/ | Linux TimeShift for Backup Tutorial]] * [[https://askubuntu.com/questions/1393507/how-to-run-timeshift-from-command-line | How to run Timeshift from command line - Ask Ubuntu]]